I-phepha elisemthakathini liyasebenza ngokuphelele kubukho lokusebenzisa kubukho lobuhle?

Amasosha okulawula: Amathuluzi okulawula kwezizwe zonke yokusebenzisa i-phepha elisemthakathini kubukho lobuhle

I-FDA 21 CFR 176.170 ne-EU Regulation 1935/2004: Amasosha amabili okubuhle

Izincwadi zokubhala kwezinkundla ziyofanele ukuphatha ngemikhakha yezimvo ezingcono kabusha ngaphambi kokubhaleka kwamanqanqo. KwaMeyrika, i-FDA 21 CFR 176.170 ibhekisele kuzo zonke izimboni zokuthinteka ngokuphathelene nokubhaleka kwamanqanqo—kukhuluma ngezindlela zokusebenza ezihlukene, njengoko kubhaleka kwezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nezinkundla zokudla zokufana nez......

• Izimboni zokuthinteka kubazinye izinto (≤0.5 ppm)
• Ukuphatha kwezinto ezihlukene , ukungavumeli izinto ezingenakwenzela ukudla, izinto ezingenakwenzela ukudla, nezinto ezingenakwenzela ukudla
• Izimboni zokuvumela ukuzama ngokuchaza (70°C–100°C) nokuchaza kwemithi yezinkundla

Lezi zimfundo ziyabulawa ukuthi izifibha zepapu nezinkokhelo zibalekile ngokuphelele xa zihambisana nempilo, ngokuthi izinto eziphathelene nezinhlobo zezinto zokudla zizokwenzwa ngokuvumeka kwe-FDA kusistimu yezindaba zokuhambisana nokudla (FCN). Ukuqondisa kwe-2022 kwe-European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) kubonisa ukuthi kukhona ukufaneleka kwe-97% kwezinhlobo zepapu ezizokwenzwa ngokufaneleka kwezimbhalo ezimbili.

GB 4806.8–2016 no-BfR XXXVI: Izimfundo zasezinye izindawo zepapu elitholakala ngokuphelele

Izimfundo zasezinye izindawo ziyabulawa izindlela eziningi zokuphepha. I-GB 4806.8–2016 yaseChina iyachaza izimali eziningi kwezinkokhelo zemithambe neyavumela ukusebenzisa izinkokhelo zokubhekisa okuphelele:

Imihlahlandlela yaseJalimane i-BfR XXXVI iya phambili kunemithetho ebanzi ye-EU ngokuvimbela amakhemikhali acatshangelwe futhi inikeze ukuhlolwa kokuhlanzeka kwe-fiber esetshenzisiwe. Ngokungafani nemithetho ebanzi ye-EU, i-BfR idinga ukuhlaziywa kokufuduka kwe-batch-specific yama-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) anobuthi, anezindinganiso ezingaphansi kuka-0,1 μg/kg. Abakhiqizi abathumela kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni wonke kumelwe bavumelanise lezi zinguqukongokwesibonelo, kuyilapho i-FDA ivumela ama-fluorochemicals athile ngaphansi kwemingcele yokufuduka echaziwe, i-GB 4806.8 iyawavimbela ngokuphelele ezingqimbeni zephepha elixhumana nokudla. Idatha yokugcizelela yakamuva evela kuhlelo lwe-EU Rapid Alert System (2023) ikhombisa amazinga wokungahambisani nezifunda ahluka kusuka ku-3% kuya ku-8%, okugcizelela isidingo sezinqubo zokuhlola ezisetshenziswa endaweni.

Ukuphepha Kwamakhemikhali: Ama-PFAS, Izembozo, Nezingozi Zokufuduka Kwephepha Elingenamafutha

I-PFAS ephepheni elingashisi: Izinkinga Zempilo Nokususwa Okuhlelekile

Izinto eziqondile nezinephakathi zezinkulungwane (PFAS) zazisetyenziswa kuzincwadi zokubeka umkhawulo wokuphatha amafutha ukwenza izihlalo ezinamaphuzu okuphatha amafutha nezinhlobo zemithi. Kepha, ukuthi kuzoba kusebenza kwezinye izinsuku kanye nokuthi kuzobakwa kwezinye izinsuku kuyabuka izinkinga ezingcono ngokugcina kwemiphumela yazo—kukodwa ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuyabuka ukuthi kuy......

Ukuhlanza Ukuthi Kuyabuka Kwezinhlobo Zokuphatha, Amaphuzu, Nezinhlobo Zokuphatha: Iziphakamiso zikaEFSA neFDA

Ukuhlanganisa ukuzimela kubonisa ukuthi izinto ziyagcina njani kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugcina imithi kusuka kwezincwadi zokugc......

Ukuhlanya Kwemithombo: Indlela Yokubhekisa Kwezinkulungwane Zokuthi Igreaseproof Paper Iyisafule

Igreaseproof Paper Engayikho Inkampani vs. Igreaseproof Paper Ekhona Inkampani: Ukuphakanyiswa Kwemithombo, Amasimbi, Nokuvula Kwemithombo

Izincwadi zokugcina amafutha ezingavakelwanga zifumana ukugcina amafutha ngokusebenzisa ukuthi kubhekwe kakhulu ukuthi izinkambo ziyisilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu, okwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuthi kubhekwe kakhulu—ukusebenzisa indlela yokuqondisa izinkambo zocelulose ukuze kunciphise isilinganiso sokuphakama kwemithombo. Lokhu kubhekwe kakhulu kwenza isibonelo esihlukile sokugcina amafutha ngaphandle kokuthi kufakwe amasimba angaphansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izincwadi ezivakelwanga ziyasebenzisa amasimba angaphansi njenge-wax noma silicone ukuze zilahle amafutha; ngokuzuzwa, izikimi zokufutha zayisebenziswa, kodwa manje zizokhathalelwa kakhulu. Ukukhetha phakathi kwezincwadi ezingavakelwanga nezivakelwanga kuyabangela ukuthi kubhekwe kakhulu ukuthi kusuka kwezinto kusuka kuqoqo: izinkambo eziphakeme kakhulu kwezincwadi ezingavakelwanga zinceda ukunciphisa ukusuka kwezinto kusuka kuqoqo, ngakolunye uhlangothi amasimba avakelwanga ayenziwa ngamachemikhali angaphansi okungaba yizinto ezingasuka kusuka kuqoqo ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu noma ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinye izinto. Abasemthwini bahlala baphepha ukuthi kubhekwe kakhulu nokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinkambo ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinkambo—izindlela zokuhlukanisa izinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu—ukuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinto ezingazange zihlukaniswe ngok......

Ukuhlinywa Kwempilo Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo: Umsebenzi Wepaperi Yokugcina Umlilo Ngamazinyo Amafood

Amazinyo Okuphepha, Okushisa, Nokufana Nezinkambo: Iziqu Zesithuthu, Ikhishini Elishisayo, Namasosha Wepombe Case Studies

Izincwadi zokuvimbela izinkambo zihlola ngokuphakanyiswa kwezimo zezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwezinsizakaliso zokuziphatha kwez......

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani i-PFAS zihlukwe kuzincwadi zokuvimbela izinkambo?

I-PFAS ziqiniswa ngoba ziyabuyela kumhlaba futhi zibiza izimpilo, kusukela ekugcineni kwemithambo kanye nokuphakanyiswa kwesikhathi sokufa ngenyama.

Ukuchaza okuhambisana phakathi kwe-greaseproof paper engaqiniswa ne-we-greaseproof paper eqiniswa yini?

I-greaseproof paper engaqiniswa iyasebenzisa ukungabi ngezinye zezinkamba eziningi ukuze ibe nemiphumela yokugcina imithambo, ngakho-ke i-paper eqiniswa iyasebenzisa izinto ezithile njenge-wax noma i-silicone njengamathuba okugcina. Izingxenye ezingaqiniswa zingafanele kakhulu ngokwemiphumela yokugcina kodwa zinezinhlobo zezimboni zokusebenza.

Ukuzimisa ukugcina kwenziwa kanjani kwe-greaseproof paper?

Ukuzimisa ukugcina kubhekisa kuzimboni zomhlaba wokuzikhipha—njengekhetshe, imithambo, kanye nezinhlobo zemithambo eyodwa—futhi kubhalwa ukuguqula kwezinto emithambeni. Izinhlongobala zika-FDA ne-EFSA zisebenzisa izimboni zemithambo njenge-olive oil kanye ne-acetic acid ukuze kuvunyelwe.

Izifood ziziphi ezizimiselwa kakhulu ukuzimisa ukuthembeka kwe-greaseproof paper?

Izinkulungwane zokuchazwa kakhulu ziyizinkulungwane ezinamaphuzu amaningi njengebutha, izinkulungwane ezinamaphuzu amaningi njengechicken ephuzwe, nezinkulungwane ezinamaphuzu amaningi njenge-sauce yamatomato. Lezi zimo zihlalisa ubukhulu bezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiphumela yezinkulungwane zokuchazwa ngemiph......